Raghu K. Ganti, Praveen Jayachandran ∗,
Haiyun Luo, and Tarek F. Abdelzaher
Abstract
Datalink layer framing in wireless sensor networks usually
faces a trade-off between large frame sizes for high
channel bandwidth utilization and small frame sizes for effective
error recovery. Given the high error rates of intermote
communications, TinyOS opts in favor of small frame
sizes at the cost of extremely low channel bandwidth utilization.
In this paper, we describe Seda: a streaming datalink
layer that resolves the above dilemma by decoupling framing
from error recovery. Seda treats the packets from the upper
layer as a continuous stream of bytes. It breaks the data
stream into blocks, and retransmits erroneous blocks only
(as opposed to the entire erroneous frame). Consequently,
the frame-error-rate (FER), the main factor that bounds the
frame size in the current design, becomes irrelevant to error
recovery. A frame can therefore be sufficiently large in
great favor of high utilization of the wireless channel bandwidth,
without compromising the effectiveness of error recovery.
Meanwhile, the size of each block is configured according
to the error characteristics of the wireless channel to
optimize the performance of error recovery. Seda has been
implemented as a new datalink layer in the TinyOS, and evaluated
through both simulations and experiments in a testbed
of 48 MicaZ motes. Our results show that, by increasing the
TinyOS frame size from the default 29 bytes to 100 bytes
(limited by the buffer space at MicaZ firmware), Seda improves
the throughput around 25% under typical wireless
channel conditions. Seda also reduces the retransmission
traffic volume by more than 50%, compared to a frame-based
retransmission scheme. Our analysis also exposes that future
sensor motes should be equipped with radios with more
packet buffer space on the radio firmware to achieve optimal
utilization of the channel capacity.
∗First two authors equally contributed to this work
Keywords
Throughput optimization, datalink layer, reliable communication,
sensor networks, wireless networks
دانلود مقاله Datalink Streaming in Wireless Sensor Networks