این فیلم آموزشی نشان می دهد که چگونه برای ساخت 1 تا از رابطه ها در بین دو جدول هنگامی که رابطه ساخته شده است یعنی نمودار ER ایجاد شده است و با این نمودار ER کار کنیم.
ویدیوی آموزشی ایجاد Relation ها در نمودار ER با استفاده از SQL Server 2012
این فیلم آموزشی نشان می دهد که چگونه برای ساخت 1 تا از رابطه ها در بین دو جدول هنگامی که رابطه ساخته شده است یعنی نمودار ER ایجاد شده است و با این نمودار ER کار کنیم.
Shortcut های مهم و کاربردی در SQL Server 2012
77 صفحه
BP Process Safety Series Safe Furnace and Boiler Firing, 2012
A collection of booklets describing hazards and
how to manage them
سرفصلها:
1 Introduction ....................................... 1
2 How fired heaters work ............................. 3
2.1 Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.2 Combustion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.3 Draught (UK)/Draft (US) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
3 Explosions ....................................... 24
4 Fuelsystems ..................................... 29
4.1 Fuel-gas lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
4.2 Condensate in fuel-gas lines ........................... 31
Water in fuel oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Disposal of waste gases or vapours by burning . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Burners ......................................... 35
Premix gas burners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Non-premix gas burners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Steam-atomizing oil burners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Combination burners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Pilot burners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Automatic controls for burner regulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Modification of burner systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Furnace lighting and shutdown ...................... 48
Preparation and pilots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Lighting gas burners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Lighting oil burners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Switching fuels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Ignition of burners under pressure ....................... 62
Specific firing instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Shutting down a furnace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
7 Some points to remember .......................... 79
Test yourself! ..................................... 83
Acronyms and abbreviations ........................ 87
Short bibliography ................................ 88
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استاندارد ASTM E165
تست مایعات نافذ (PT)
نسخه 2012
توضیح کامل انجام این تست
Standard Practice for
Liquid Penetrant Examination for General Industry
Scope:
1.1 This practice
covers procedures for penetrant examina-
tion of materials. Penetrant testing is a nondestructive testing
method for detecting discontinuities that are open to the surface
such as cracks, seams, laps, cold shuts, shrinkage, laminations,
through leaks, or lack of fusion and is applicable to in-process,
final, and maintenance testing. It can be effectively used in the
examination of nonporous, metallic materials, ferrous and
nonferrous metals, and of nonmetallic materials such as non-
porous glazed or fully densified ceramics, as well as certain
nonporous plastics, and glass.
1.2 This practice also provides a reference:
1.2.1 By which a liquid penetrant examination process
recommended or required by individual organizations can be
reviewed to ascertain its applicability and completeness.
1.2.2 For use in the preparation of process specifications and
procedures dealing with the liquid penetrant testing of parts
and materials. Agreement by the customer requesting penetrant
inspection is strongly recommended. All areas of this practice
may be open to agreement between the cognizant engineering
organization and the supplier, or specific direction from the
cognizant engineering organization.
1.2.3 For use in the organization of facilities and personnel
concerned with liquid penetrant testing.
1.3 This practice does not indicate or suggest criteria for
evaluation of the indications obtained by penetrant testing. It
should be pointed out, however, that after indications have
been found, they must be interpreted or classified and then
evaluated. For this purpose there must be a separate code,
standard, or a specific agreement to define the type, size,
location, and direction of indications considered acceptable,
and those considered unacceptable.
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استاندارد ASTM E23
در خصوص تست ضربه روی میله شکاف دار
مواد فلزی
Standard Test Methods for
Notched Bar Impact Testing of Metallic Materials
Scope:
These test methods describe notched-bar impact testing
of metallic materials by the Charpy (simple-beam) test and the
Izod (cantilever-beam) test. They give the requirements for:
test specimens, test procedures, test reports, test machines (see Annex A1) verifying Charpy impact machines (see Annex A2), optional test specimen configurations (see Annex A3), designation of test specimen orientation (see Terminology E1823), and determining the percent of shear fracture on the surface of broken impact specimens (see Annex A4). In addition, information is provided on the significance of notched-bar impact testing (see Appendix X1), and methods of measuring the center of strike (see Appendix X2).